为了帮助同学们记住不规则动词,现在把教材中出现的不规则动词分为几个类型,每个类型中又分若干组,尽量找出每组中各词变化形式的共同点,以帮助记忆。
1. A—A—A型(现在式、过去式和过去分词同形)
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
cost | cost | cost | 花费 |
cut | cut | cut | 割,切 |
hit | hit | hit | 打 |
let | let | let | 让 |
put | put | put | 放下 |
read | read | read | 读 |
hurt | hurt | hurt | 伤 |
2. A—A—B型(现在式和过去式同形)
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
beat | beat | beaten | 打 |
3. A—B—A型(现在式和过去分词同形)
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
come | came | come | 来 |
become | became | become | 变 |
run | ran | run | 跑 |
4. A—B—B型(过去式和过去分词同形)
(1)在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
burn | burnt | burnt | 燃烧 |
learn | learned/learnt | learned/learnt | 学习 |
mean | meant | meant | 意思 |
hear | heard | heard | 听见 |
(2)把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t” 构成过去式或过去分词。
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
build | built | built | 建筑 |
lend | lent | lent | 借给 |
lose | lost | lost | 失去 |
send | sent | sent | 送 |
spend | spent | spent | 花费 |
(3)其他
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
pay | paid | paid | 付 |
lay | laid | laid | 下蛋 |
say | said | said | 说 |
bring | brought | brought | 带来 |
buy | bought | bought | 买 |
think | thought | thought | 想 |
sleep | slept | slept | 睡 |
keep | kept | kept | 保持 |
sweep | swept | swept | 扫 |
stand | stood | stood | 站 |
understand | understood | understood | 明白 |
win | won | won | 得胜 |
shine | shone/shined | shone/shined | 发光 |
catch | caught | caught | 抓住 |
teach | taught | taught | 教 |
feel | felt | felt | 觉得 |
fight | fought | fought | 战斗 |
find | found | found | 发现 |
get | got | got | 得到 |
hang | hanged | hanged | 绞死 |
hung | hung | 挂 | |
have | had | had | 有 |
hold | held | held | 盛,握 |
leave | left | left | 离开 |
make | made | made | 制造 |
meet | met | met | 遇见 |
sell | sold | sold | 卖 |
shoot | shot | shot | 射击 |
tell | told | told | 告诉 |
smell | smelt/smelled | smelt/smelled | 嗅,闻 |
sit | sat | sat | 坐 |
dig | dug | dug | 挖 |
5. A—B—C型(现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同)
(1)在动词原形后加-n或-en构成过去分词。
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
eat | ate | eaten | 吃 |
fall | fell | fallen | 落下 |
steal | stole | stolen | 偷 |
give | gave | given | 给 |
freeze | froze | frozen | 冻结 |
take | took | taken | 拿 |
see | saw | seen | 看见 |
write | wrote | written | 写 |
ride | rode | ridden | 骑 |
drive | drove | driven | 驾驶 |
throw | threw | thrown | 抛,扔 |
blow | blew | blown | 吹 |
grow | grew | grown | 生长 |
know | knew | known | 知道 |
fly | flew | flown | 飞 |
draw | drew | drawn | 拉,绘画 |
show | showed | shown | 展示 |
(2)过去式加-n或-en构成过去分词。
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
speak | spoke | spoken | 说话 |
break | broke | broken | 破碎,折断 |
wake | waked/ woke | waked/ waken | 醒 |
choose | chose | chosen | 选择 |
forget | forgot | forgotten | 忘记 |
(3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”(过去式)和“u”(过去分词)。
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
begin | began | begun | 开始 |
ring | rang | rung | 按铃 |
sing | sang | sung | 唱 |
sink | sank | sunk | 沉 |
swim | swam | swum | 游泳 |
drink | drank | drunk | 饮 |
(4)其他不规则动词的变化。
动词原形(现在式) | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 含义 |
be(am, is) | was | been | 是 |
be(are) | were | ||
do | did | done | 做 |
go | went | gone | 去 |
lie | lay | lain | 躺 |
wear | wore | worn | 穿 |